Which analysis seeks to understand the extent and impact of a security incident?

The correct choice focuses on forensic investigation as the process that seeks to understand the extent and impact of a security incident. Forensic investigation is a methodical examination aimed at analyzing an incident, gathering evidence, and determining how the breach occurred, what vulnerabilities were exploited, and the resultant impact on the organization. This process involves collecting data from various sources, such as system logs, network traffic, and any compromised systems, to piece together an accurate picture of the incident.

Understanding the extent of a security incident is crucial as it helps organizations identify the scope of the breach, the data or resources affected, and it informs subsequent response and remediation efforts. Moreover, the findings from such an investigation can assist in enhancing security measures to prevent future incidents.

While other options may relate to security in different contexts, they do not specifically focus on dissecting and understanding the direct consequences of a security breach like a forensic investigation does. Risk assessment evaluates potential risks and vulnerabilities but does not analyze specific incidents that have already occurred. Threat analysis is concerned with identifying and assessing potential threats, while compliance audit focuses on ensuring adherence to laws, policies, and regulations, rather than the examination of specific security events.